The following management discussion and analysis of the audited results for our Group from Financial Year Ended ("FYE") 2011 to FYE 2014 together with results for the ("FPE") 2015 should be read in conjunction with our combined financial information and the notes related thereon for the FYE 2011 to FYE 2014 and for the FPE 2015 included in Section 13 of our Prospectus.

This discussion and analysis contains data derived from the audited financial statements of our Group as well as forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. You should also carefully consider the risk factors that may have a significant impact on our future performances as set out in Section 4 of our Prospectus.

OVERVIEW OF OPERATION
Revenue

For the financial years/periods under review, our Group’s revenue is mainly derived from the distribution of building materials and provision of logistics, the supply of ready-mixed concrete, manufacturing of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) and precast concrete products, wire mesh and metal roofing systems.

Our Group’s revenue is mainly derived from local customers with only approximately 1.4% to 2.7% being derived from our overseas customers during the financial years/periods under review.

Approximately 64.2% to 83.3% of our Group’s total revenues was contributed by the distribution of buildings materials while ready mixed concrete contributed to approximately 11.8% to 17.2% to our Group’s total revenue over the financial years/periods under review. Since its commencement in FYE 2012, revenue from our manufacturing of wire mesh and metal roofing systems have grown steadily; the revenue contribution from the said division represented 0.6% to 11.8% of our total revenues over the financial years/periods under review.

Comparison between FYE 2010 and FYE 2011
(i)
Revenue

Our Group’s overall revenue increased by approximately RM131.50 million or 14.9% from RM883.10 million in FYE 2010 to RM1,014.60 million in FYE 2011. The increase was mainly contributed by the increase in distribution of building materials and ready-mixed concrete.

Distribution of building materials and provision of logistics

During FYE 2011, our revenue from the distribution of building materials increased by approximately RM104.13 million or 14.2% from RM735.28 million in FYE 2010 to RM839.41 million in FYE 2011. This is mainly due to higher sales from steel bar and Other Building Materials (OBM) which increased by RM96.55 million and RM44.59 million respectively.

The increase in revenue from steel bars by approximately RM96.55 million or 71.9% in FYE 2011 was mainly driven by the increase in housing construction activities arising from the economic stimulus generated by infrastructure projects such as the Mass Rapid Transit and Low-Cost Carrier Terminal and the 2nd Penang Bridge Project. Our Group had sold approximately 88,729 metric tonne (mt) steel bar in FYE 2011 as compared to approximately 59,348 mt steel bar in FYE 2010.

The increase in OBM revenue by approximately RM44.59 million or 44.1% in FYE 2011 was driven by our management’s decision to focus on the sales of OBM as they generally yield higher margins as compared to steel bars and cement.

Our revenue generated from the provision of logistics increased by RM1.97 million or 9.2% due to increased orders from the cement manufacturers.

Ready-mixed concrete

Revenue from the distribution of ready-mixed concrete had increased by approximately RM25.84 million or 21.1% following the acquisition of Chin Hin Concrete (North) Sdn Bhd (Chin Hin Concrete (North)) in year 2010. During FYE 2011, Chin Hin Concrete (North) had contributed revenue of RM66.19 million to our Group, representing 44.7% of the total revenue from the ready-mixed concrete business segment.

Other activities

The decrease in revenue generated from other activities by approximately RM0.44 million or 10.5% was mainly due to a reduction in interest income arising from our provision of hire purchase financing to the Group’s logistics providers, which is in line with our Group’s strategy to focus and concentrate on our core business in building materials.

(ii)
Profit Before Taxation (PBT) and PBT margin

Our overall Group’s PBT increased by approximately RM1.08 million from RM26.00 million in FYE 2010 to RM27.08 million in FYE 2011 contributed by the higher Gross Profit (GP) of RM18.47 million achieved by our OBM and cement sales collectively.

However, the increase in profitability was offset by the increase in staff and financing cost by RM2.50 million and RM3.06 million, respectively.

Comparison between FYE 2011 and FYE 2012
(i)
Revenue

Our Group’s overall revenue increased by approximately RM31.51 million or 3.1% from RM1,014.60 million in FYE 2011 to RM1,046.11 million in FYE 2012. The increase was mainly contributed by the higher revenue from our distribution of building materials and also from other activities.

Distribution of building materials and provision of logistics

During FYE 2012, our revenue from the distribution of building materials increased by approximately RM32.82 million or by 3.9% from RM839.41 million in FYE 2011 to RM872.23 million in FYE 2012. This is mainly due to higher sales from OBM and cement which increased by RM17.56 million and RM10.43 million respectively.

The increase in our OBM revenue by approximately 11.7% from RM150.47 million in FYE 2011 to RM168.03 million in FYE 2012 is a result of the efforts of our sales team to promote the OBM products to our customers.

Our revenues from the sale of cement and steel bar increased by RM10.43 million and RM4.83 million respectively as a result from the continuing active residential and housing construction activities in FYE 2012.

Our revenue from the provision of logistics decreased by RM2.78 million or 11.9% from RM23.41 million in FYE 2011 to RM20.63 million in FYE 2012 due to lower orders from the cement manufacturers as a result of stiffer market competition (lower prices offered by our competitors).

Ready-mixed concrete

Revenue from the distribution of ready-mixed concrete decreased by approximately RM24.80 million or 16.8% from RM148.02 million in FYE 2011 to RM123.22 million in FYE 2012 mainly due to lower selling prices as a result of market competition.

Manufacturing of AAC and precast concrete products

Our manufacturing of precast concrete has commenced operation in August 2012 and generated maiden revenue of RM0.42 million in FYE 2012.

Manufacturing of wire mesh and metal roofing systems

We had also commenced manufacturing of wire mesh and metal roofing systems in October 2012 at our factory located in Nilai. For FYE 2012, our Nilai factory was operating at approximately 20% of its production capacity and has generated total revenue of RM6.73 million within its first 3 months of operations.

Other activities

During FYE 2012, revenue from other activities increased by approximately RM19.12 million or 508.8% as compared to FYE 2011. The increase was due to the development of 20 units of three-storey shop offices located at Kota Bharu with gross development value (GDV) of RM18.58 million and 8 units of semi-detached factories located in Alor Setar with GDV of RM13.50 million.

The construction for both development projects commenced in early 2011 and was completed and fully sold by the end of 2012. Even though the construction of both projects began in FYE 2011, sales of the units only started in FYE 2012 after the certificates of fitness were obtained. By the end of FYE 2012, both projects were completed and fully sold except for 3 semi-detached factories retained by PP Chin Hin Sdn Bhd for its own use. Collectively, both of these development projects contributed total revenue of RM18.58 million in FYE 2012.

(ii)
PBT and PBT margin

The increase in our Group’s overall PBT by RM14.12 million from RM27.08 million in FYE 2011 to RM41.20 million in FYE 2012 was mainly due to the increase in other operating income arising from fair valuation gain on investment properties amounting to RM19.07 million.

Excluding fair value gain adjustments, our PBT had decreased by approximately RM4.95 million or 18.3% despite an increase in revenue contributed from our distribution of building materials business segment.

The decrease in PBT was also due to pre-operating expenses of approximately RM2.00 million incurred prior to the commencement of our manufacturing of wire mesh and metal roofing systems products activities, which pre-operating expenses were subsequently charged out during FYE 2012, as well as the overall increase in our operating and finance costs

Comparison between FYE 2012 and FYE 2013
(i)
Revenue

Our Group’s overall revenue increased by approximately RM174.31 million or 16.7% from RM1,046.11 million in FYE 2012 to RM1,220.42 million in FYE 2013. The increase was mainly contributed by the higher revenues from distribution of building materials, ready-mixed concrete and manufacturing of wire mesh.

Distribution of building materials and provision of logistics

During FYE 2013, revenue from distribution of building materials increased by approximately RM50.01 million or 5.7% from RM872.23 million in FYE 2012 to RM922.24 million in FYE 2013 mainly contributed by the sale of OBM as our Group continued to focus on higher margin products. Overall, our revenue from OBM increased by approximately RM52.87 million or 31.5% as compared to FYE 2012.

Our revenue from steel bars has also increased by approximately RM11.07 million or 4.7% from RM235.51 million in FYE 2012 to RM246.58 million in FYE 2013.

Our revenue from provision of logistics has also increased by approximately RM4.21 million or 20.4% due to higher orders from the cement manufacturers.

Ready-mixed concrete

Revenue from the distribution of ready-mixed concrete had increased by approximately RM58.69 million or 47.6% in FYE 2013 mainly due to greater demand arising from the active property development market during FYE 2013 which enable our Group to secure a few new major customers involved in the construction of high rise buildings such as De Centrum City located in Bangi and mixed development located in Bandar Saujana Putra which required better grade ready-mixed concrete which improved our revenue. Our new customers collectively contributed to approximately 11.0% of our total revenue from the distribution of ready-mixed concrete in FYE 2013.

Manufacturing of AAC and precast concrete products

Revenue generated from manufacturing of precast concrete products increased by approximately RM7.90 million due to 12 months revenue recognised in FYE 2013 as compared to only 5 months revenue recognised in FYE 2012. During FYE 2013, our factory was operating at approximately 67% of its production capacity.

Manufacturing of wire mesh and metal roofing systems

Revenue generated from manufacturing of wire mesh and metal roofing systems products increased significantly by approximately RM71.30 million due to 12 months revenue recognised in FYE 2013 as compared to only 3 months revenue recognised in FYE 2012.

Other activities

Revenue from other activities decreased significantly by RM17.80 million due to the completion of our property development projects in FYE 2012 which had contributed revenue of approximately RM18.58 million. Since then, we did not embark on any other property development projects as we made a strategic decision to focus and concentrate on our core business in building materials.

(ii)
PBT and PBT margin

Despite the increase in GP of RM13.73 million, our Group’s PBT decreased by approximately RM3.88 million from RM41.20 million in FYE 2012 to RM37.32 million in FYE 2013. The decrease in PBT was mainly due to the one-off fair value gain amounting to RM19.07 million recognised in FYE 2012.

Excluding the fair value adjustments of RM19.07 million in FYE 2012 and RM8.69 million in FYE 2013, our Group PBT would have increased by approximately RM6.50 million or 29.4% as compared to FYE 2012. The increase in our PBT and PBT margin was mainly due to the improvement of GP from our distribution of building materials as well as the supply of ready-mixed concrete. In addition, our manufacturing of wire mesh, metal roofing and precast concrete products had also turned profitable during FYE 2013.

Nevertheless, the increase in our profitability was set off by the pre-operating expenses amounted to RM4.95 million in relation to our new manufacturing of AAC products as well as the increase in our operating and finance costs by RM8.02 million and RM2.95 million respectively. The manufacturing of AAC products commenced in January 2014.

Comparison between FYE 2013 and FYE 2014
(i)
Revenue

Our Group's overall revenue maintained at approximately RM1.22 billion in both FYE 2013 and FYE 2014. The lower revenue contribution from our distribution of building materials in FYE 2014 was set off by the increase in revenue from ready-mixed concrete, manufacturing of AAC, precast concrete, wire mesh products and metal roofing systems.

Distribution of building materials and provision of logistics

Revenue from the distribution of building materials decreased by RM110.33 million or 12.0% from RM922.24 million in FYE 2013 to RM811.91 million in FYE 2014 mainly due to the softening of housing construction activities towards the middle of 2014.

Our revenue from provision of logistics increased by approximately RM5.61 million from RM24.84 million in FYE 2013 to RM30.45 million in FYE 2014 due to higher orders from the cement manufacturers.

Ready-mixed concrete

Our revenue from ready-mixed concrete increased by approximately RM25.27 million or 13.9% in FYE 2014 due to contributions from our new customers involved in the construction of high rise buildings secured during FYE 2013 as well as new customers secured during FYE 2014 which are involved in the development of Impiana apartment located in Nusajaya, Lido Residence in Cheras, Arte @ Kuchai Lama and upgrading of taxi way in Kuala Lumpur International Airport.

Manufacturing of AAC and precast concrete products

Revenue from manufacturing of AAC and precast concrete products increased significantly by RM28.03 million and RM9.54 million respectively in FYE 2014.

Our Group had commenced manufacturing of AAC in January 2014 and managed to generate revenue amounted to RM28.03 million in FYE 2014. Our factory's utilisation rate has improved progressively throughout the financial year due to higher sales orders received for our AAC products. In addition, we also experienced lower downtime for our manufacturing activities as our operational efficiency improved. We achieved utilisation rate of 60% by the end of 2014.

Our revenue from manufacturing of precast concrete products increased by approximately RM9.54 million or 114.7% in FYE 2014 mainly due to demand arising from upgrading of public infrastructures, i.e. drainage and sewerage works in Selangor.

Manufacturing of wire mesh and metal roofing systems

Revenue from the manufacturing of wire mesh and metal roofing systems products increased by approximately RM31.47 million and RM9.90 million or 51.4% and 59.1%, respectively. During FYE 2014, our factory was operating at 70% of its production capacity for wire mesh and 47% of its production capacity for metal roofing systems.

Other activities

The decrease in revenue generated from other activities by approximately RM0.49 million or 9.8% was mainly due to lower interest income derived from our provision of hire purchase financing to the Group's logistics providers as our Group intends to focus on its core activities. In addition, the decrease in revenue from other activities was also due to lower rental income resulting from lower occupancy rate.

(ii)
PBT and PBT margin

Our Group's overall PBT increased by approximately RM5.89 million or 15.8% from RM37.32 million in FYE 2013 to RM43.21 million in FYE 2014 mainly due to higher GP achieved by our distribution of building materials, ready-mixed concrete, precast concrete, wire mesh and metal roofing systems business segments which collectively increased our overall GP by RM16.44 million.

Despite the increase in our GP, our Group profitability was lowered by the net loss of RM5.62 million from the manufacturing of AAC products. In addition, the increase in our GP was also offset by the increase in finance cost and staff cost by RM4.24 million and RM4.10 million respectively.

Comparison between FPE 2014 and FPE 2015
(i)
Revenue

Our Group's overall revenue decreased by approximately RM16.69 million or 2.0% from RM833.67 million in FPE 2014 to RM816.98 million in FPE 2015. The decrease is mainly due to lower revenue contribution from our distribution of building materials and ready-mixed concrete which was set off by the increase in revenue from manufacturing of AAC, precast concrete products and wire mesh products.

Distribution of building materials and provision of logistics

Revenue from distribution of building materials decreased by RM40.25 million or 7.1% from RM565.10 million in FPE 2014 to RM524.85 million in FPE 2015 mainly due to the decrease in sales volume from cement by approximately 17.1% as a result of softening housing construction activities in 2015. In addition, the decrease in revenue from distribution of building materials is also contributed by the decrease in selling price of steel bar which reduced by approximately 22% in line with the decline in global steel price composite index.

Our revenue from provision of logistics remained consistent at around RM20.0 million for both FPE 2014 and FPE 2015.

Ready-mixed concrete

Our revenue from ready-mixed concrete decreased by approximately RM30.76 million or 21.4% in FPE 2015 due to lower sales volume as most of our Group's high rise projects which commenced in FYE 2013 and FYE 2014 have reached its completion stage. In addition, the decrease in revenue from ready-mixed concrete is also due to stiff competition from competitors which lowered their selling price.

Manufacturing of AAC and precast concrete products

Revenue from manufacturing of AAC and precast concrete products increased by RM26.53 million and RM7.94 million respectively in FPE 2015.

Revenue from manufacturing of AAC products increased to RM40.53 million in FPE 2015 mainly due to new orders secured amounting to approximately RM10.00 million from developers for the construction of hotels within Kuala Lumpur, high end condominium in Kota Kinabalu and mixed development in Cyberjaya. In addition, approximately 14.3% of the increase in our revenue is contributed from overseas sales to countries such as Singapore, Taiwan, Australia and Philippines as a result of our management's aggressive sales and marketing efforts during the FPE 2015. Our factory was operating at approximately 80% of its production capacity during FPE 2015.

Our revenue from precast concrete increased by approximately RM7.94 million or 72.3% in FPE 2015 mainly due to the national drainage and sewerage upgrading works projects which enable our Group to secure additional orders from Jabatan Perkhidmatan Pembetungan (JPP) to supply our precast concrete at areas such as Jinjang, Kepong, Ampang, Setapak and Kajang.

Manufacturing of wire mesh and metal roofing systems

Revenue from manufacturing of wire mesh and metal roofing systems products increased by approximately RM19.58 million and RM0.27 million or 32.3% and 1.7%, respectively.

The increase in revenue from manufacturing of wire mesh is mainly due to our Group securing more orders for "cut to size" wire mesh during FPE 2015 for various high rise and affordable housing projects located within Klang Valley, Putrajaya and Johor.

Revenue from our manufacturing of metal roofing systems products remained consistent with minor increase of RM0.27 million from RM16.21 million in FPE 2014 to RM16.49 million in FPE 2015.

During FPE 2015, our factory was operating at approximately 75% of its production capacity for wire mesh and 49% of its production capacity for metal roofing.

Other activities

The increase in revenue generated from other activities by approximately RM0.21 million or 7.4% was mainly due to higher rental income derived from properties as a result of revision upwards on rental charges upon renewal of tenancy agreements during FPE 2015.

(ii)
PBT and PBT margin

Our Group's overall PBT increased by approximately RM1.41 million or 5.7% from RM24.78 million in FPE 2014 to RM26.19 million in FPE 2015 mainly due to higher GP achieved by our distribution of building materials, manufacturing of AAC, precast concrete and wire mesh products which collectively increased our overall GP by RM13.51 million. However, the higher GP from distribution of buildings materials, manufacturing of AAC, precast concrete and wire mesh products was offset by the decrease in GP generated from ready-mixed concrete and manufacturing of metal roofing system products by RM2.88 million and RM0.55 million respectively.

Despite the increase in our overall GP, our Group profitability was offset by the increase in staff cost and allowance for doubtful debts by RM4.00 million and RM2.01 million respectively.

* Please read this section in conjunction with Section 12 from page 261 to page 306 of Chin Hin Group Berhad’s Prospectus dated 18 February 2016.